Thursday, November 23, 2006

Thanksgiving Day 2006

8:00 PM Eastern Local

After a short overnight (actually, an overday), we are back in the flightdeck. Behind us are 150 east coast folks going to the west coast. I have spanned the Empire so many times in the past few days, I cannot keep track anymore. The airports are standing room only, but I have not seen any fights or other bad behavior, yet...

We are up against the aircraft's range limitations, a common occurrence in the winter. The headwinds are strong and the west coast weather is bad, so an alternate airport is required. This translates to no holding fuel and very little taxi fuel. The fuel tanks are completely full. It is raining and the cold winds are buffeting the aircraft as we taxi toward the end of the runway, about number 20 for take-off. One eye on the fuel quantities as we taxi...

9:30 PM Central local

Airborne for two hours; the headwinds are strong, as forecast. Fuel situation is pretty good. The route takes us over Kansas City, then northwest, toward Portland. The winds are too strong for a direct route along the Canadian border, so we had to take the southern route... More miles, but less fuel burn. Four more hours...

ETP (equal time point) 2 hrs. 51 min./2 hrs. 51 min.

We are halfway to our destination. Fuel on board is OK. We can make one approach, then fly to the alternate airport to refuel. Outside, absolute darkness underneath; no lights at all. Above us are beautiful, clear and concise constellations. Some star charts and a watch is all I would need...

11:30 PM Pacific local

Our destination is less than one hour away. Thanks to modern tech miracles, the co-pilot and I have been watching the weather closely. It is very windy at Portland, and raining. The crosswind is perpendicular to the runway surface, which, of course, is wet. The maximum recommended crosswind to land is about 43 m.p.h. Here is a perfect example of a Catch-22 type scenario that the line pilot faces on a routine basis. If the landing is successful, then the boys (or girls) are brilliant... If the aircraft slides off the wet runway into the mud, well, then it is, "What made you think you could land in that wind Captain?"

Thanksgiving Day 2006 (12:10 AM Pacific local)

The control tower cleared us to maintain two thousand until established, cleared for the ILS approach runway ten right. Surface winds one nine zero at thirty two gusting thirty eight. At 2,000 feet above the ground, winds are 50 m.p.h. blowing across the right wing. The crab angle to stay on the localizer (runway lateral radio beam) is substantial. The aircraft is rocking and rolling coming down the glideslope (runway vertical radio beam). Finally, we are underneath the clouds and can see the airport, but it is not in front of the nose. It is to the left side of the nose at about 10 o'clock because of the wind correction angle, or in pilot talk, crab angle. Our aircraft landing lights are two bright light spears piercing the rain drops. I said, "This is going to be interesting."

At 500 feet above the runway, the wind is losing velocity to about 40 m.p.h. directly across the runway. I have to look around the windscreen side post to see the runway; I will remove the crab angle immediately before the tires touch. The turbulence is getting bad; a go-around is now becoming a strong possibility. Two hundred feet... The rain can be seen blowing across the runway. A lighted windsock, to the right, is fully extended, and perpendicular. One hundred feet... Still holding the crab angle. The runway's surface looks like a wet mirror. Turbulence is giving me a hard time; I have merged mentally with the aircraft's control system and am making rapid, subconscious corrections counteracting the turbulence. My conscious thoughts are weighing the pros and cons of attempting the touchdown. Fifty feet and thrust levers back to idle... Hold the crab angle... raise the nose a few degrees. Twenty feet and left rudder pedal to the floor/ right wing down, but not too much, i.e., do not drag the right engine cowling. The fuselage is now, momentarily aligned with the runway. The right main gear touches first, then the left falls onto the runway... Spoilers are up and the lift is blown away with the rain drops. Easy baby, easy... Don't even think about sliding. I pull the reverse thrust triggers, mash on the toe brakes at the same moment. Both of us are thrown forward into the five point harnesses... Very cool!

The stress is leaving my mind and body as we taxi toward the gate; it feels so good. It is dark, windy, and the rain is blowing across the taxiway. The clouds begin to glow as another airliner is coming down the glideslope, then it slices through the cloud bellies into the clear... An amazing sight. The rampers are holding their lighted wands against the wind guiding us in... Yellow rain suits wet and shiny.

The last of the passengers are walking toward their loved ones, as we are gathering our bags and tucking the aircraft in for a wet, but deserved rest. One of the flight attendants asks me if, " I think we will be able to find any restaurants open for turkey dinner." I already know that we will be eating turkey, for sure, at the hotel. We all agree to meet at 3:00 PM for dinner...

Life on the line continues...

24 comments:

Anonymous said...

I've flown on holidays, and always thank the flight crew and ground people for working on a holiday so that others can get to their lived ones.

Please know that your sacrifice is appreciated.

Anonymous said...

This is the kind of flight i'd hate to be on but in your capable hands it came out flawless.

What happens if you are unable to correct the crab angle at 20 feet due to a sudden extreme blast of wind with throttles already idled?

Anonymous said...

You seem to have describe this NW flight here except the rainy part.
[URL]http://www.flightlevel350.com/Aircraft_Airbus_A319-Airline_Northwest_Airlines_Aviation_Video-7504.html[/URL]

C J said...

Excellent Dave, painting pictures with words. Would you not leave the autobrake to do the slowing down as I've heard that braking and steering manually is a bit of a handfull ( maybe footfull!)?

dave said...

anonymous 1- that has happened to me many times; you shove the thrust levers forward and get outa Dodge. The engines are at high idle and they spool up with minimum delay

anonymous 2- exactly

anonymous 3- yep, autobrakes are good, especially on wet or icy surfaces. I use them on almost every landing, even when I don't need them because I flew so many years without them. They are one of the best improvements ever.

Anonymous said...

Breathtaking Dave. Great Post. It's a challenge for every pilot I would say, even thou you might have done thousands of those extreme weather landings, I bet you keep enjoying them.

Take care and safe landings,
Vic

david said...

Good landing, great write up. Out of curiosity, what were your approach and touchdown speeds? I'm trying to put the crosswind into a context that I can understand when my background is all light piston.

dave said...

david, the touchdown speed was 150 knots. Approach speeds were about the same, plus or minus 15.

Anonymous said...

Hey Dave, up here at YYZ we were always taught that a max x wind component of 15kts was the limit with wet runways. Or am I thinking of something else.

An ex Airport Duty Manager

Rhea said...

Amazing that you keep relatively calm during a landing that sounded very uncertain. Your writing is superb.

dave said...

YYZ guy, you might be thinking of an icy runway. 15 knots on a wet runway would severely crimp ops during the wet season. Icy runways, though, are dangerous with very little x-wind.

Ted "Mr. Las Vegas" Newkirk said...

Dave,

Born and raised in PDX, have flown in commercial with guys like you at the controls many times at this time of the year, and under the circumstances you mentioned. Welcome to Oregon is what I always feel now that I have spent nearly 15 years in Las Vegas.

First of all, I want to echo the huge "Thanks" for the job you in the front do 365 days a year. I may have said it before, but when I exit the plane, I always give a sincere "Thank You" to whoever is seeing us out the door.

Second, as someone who knows only a little about aviation (and I realize that a little knowledge is dangerous), I'd love to learn more about this:

PDX has a LOC/DME on Runway 21. Have experienced it on Reno Air (way back in the day) on an MD-83 where we came in under pretty harsh conditions (after a couple of loops holding).

But that was long ago. Is that instrument approach only good to certain conditions, or were 10 L/R in use becuase it the biggest travel day of the year and using them under acceptable conditions was necessary to the airport for the traffic volume?

If you can't comment, absolutely understood. Believe me, in my line of work I'd love to note things, but just not a good idea on the record with the world reading once in a while.

However, very much apprecite the blog and always enjoy a better understanding of what you guys go through to keep us getting where we need to go. Keep up the great posts!

Ted Newkirk
CEO
AccessVegas.com

requin said...

Great narrative, I felt in the cockpit with you. It is always good to know that even the best trained pilots with advanced equipment still get a thrill in a heavy crosswind landing...which as far as I can see is done the exact same way than I do with a PA28 :) except I often mess up my decrabing the airplane (which in these situations I affectionally call "the bastard") and get confused while cross controlling :)

Kudos from Switzerland,

aluwings said...

Good landing - great description. On Boeings/Douglas' I always kept my heels on the floor until touchdown and then slid them up to reach the brakes. But I found the Airbus rudder pedals were best used with my feet right up in the 'buckets' during the approach. A check pilot suggested it, and it works well (Of course I'm careful not to apply pre-landing brake pressure! ;-). I'm curious which technique you and others are using.

John the Baptist said...

Great post! As I frustrated pilot (had to give up RL for sims 20+ years ago), I especially like your "running commentary" posts, like this one.

I ran onto a couple of other videos of severe crosswind landings like you described on YouTube here. This one was taken at LPPT (Lisbon, Portugal) in 2003. There's several others in the sidebar there.

The first one (an aborted final) makes the crab angle look almost unreal, but I think it also had to do with the angle the photographer was at in relationship to the runway threshold.

Bron said...

Hi Dave. I live in YYZ-city. I love your blog. It's exhilarating to read all the things you probably never tell your passengers (did they hear/wonder about the thumps of the geese, for instance?) and how you think of all possible scenarios to get us landfolks safely wherever we are going. Thank you.

I just booked a flight out to YQR for Christmas and am already freaking out in case of blizzards and such. Ah well.. three hours or so.. I can do it, with Gravol.

Bless you. Happy US Thanksgiving!!

Noella said...

Whew! Amazing, Dave! AMAZING!

Anonymous said...

Interesting story, again. Thank you.

I just returned from a two-day trip (in Europe, A321 this time) and we had a few landings with exactly the same conditions as you described. And so were our feelings before and after them. Very strong crosswind all the way to the short final plus challenging gusts. And wet runway on top of all, of course.

Nice to hear you keep wrestling with the very same situations there. We never fly 6-hour legs, though, around four seems to be our "long-haul".

Cheers,
SK

chicpilot said...

Great story. From the daughter of an airline pilot and being one myself, you are appreciated. Blue skies and fly safe!

The Big Pilot said...

An outstanding post, Dave. You really captured the situation.

Trust the Turkey was tasty.

BTW, your "Catch-22" comment had me laughing heartily.

A.J. BENKER said...

WOW. SITTING AT MY LAPTOP YOU MADE EACH PHASE OF THAT APPROACH SEEM AS IF I WERE AT THE CONTROLS. I HAVE HAD THE SAME EXPERIENCE, EXCEPT IN LOWER LEVELS OF THE HEAVENS AND MUCH SMALLER EQUIPMENT NOT MENTION WIND SPEED AND CROSS WIND COMPONENT. GREAT WRITING MY FRIEND. YOUR NEXT LIFE SHOULD COME IN THE FORM OF THE WRITER OF A BOOK JUST FOR OLD PILOTS LIKE MYSELF. THANKS FOR YOUR EFFORTS. HAPPY THANSGIVING TO YOU AND TO THE BRIDE OF YOUR YOUTH.

Pascal said...

Something always puzzles me.

What are the limitations of jet engines in the rain ? I am always amazed that they work even ingesting all this water !

Is it something to do with the centrifugal forces of a spinning engine ?

Arf said...

BRON: I live in YQR and fly in and out of here all the time. I also do a fair bit of spotting. There are very few crosswind days at this airport as the winds almost always come from one of two directions, which line up nicely with the runways. Don't worry!

DAVE: Still loving the blog. Great writing.

girishrau said...

That was a gripping account of a xwind landing.

I have always wondered how sidestick equipped Airbus planes feel when you are flying such a challenging approach with lots of stick and rudder inputs. I somehow think I will be more comfortable with a yoke then a stick to the side ...